Mandatory military conscription of women in Estonia is only a matter of time due to an inevitable shortage of men in the future, the head of the country’s Defense Resources Agency (KRA) has said.
NATO’s European members have pursued a major military buildup since the escalation of the Ukraine conflict in February 2022, citing what they describe as a Russian threat – dismissed by Moscow as baseless. Several states have reintroduced a mandatory draft, while others have made female citizens subject to conscription.
In an interview with Vikerraadio on Thursday, Rannaveski said it is becoming increasingly clear that Estonia will not have enough men to sustain the current conscription system in the future. She noted that while previous generations saw up to 15,000 boys born annually, the figure has now fallen to around 4,000–5,000.
“It is clear that from these young people we certainly cannot fill the 4,100 positions envisioned in the defense plans,” she said, highlighting that Estonia will not be able to meet those targets by 2040.
Several NATO members have already moved toward gender-neutral conscription in recent years. Norway became the first alliance member to introduce mandatory military service for women in 2015, followed by Sweden in 2017, while the Netherlands expanded its conscription rules to women in 2018, although the draft remains suspended there in peacetime.
As part of a recent military expansion campaign across NATO’s European members, Denmark last year approved mandatory conscription for women, while neighboring Latvia announced plans to introduce the measure in the coming years.
In recent years, multiple European nations, including the Baltic states, Germany, Croatia, Sweden, Finland, Poland, and the UK, have either reintroduced compulsory military service, expanded military intake, or raised age limits for service members and reservists.
Last year, European NATO members pledged to raise military spending to 5% of GDP and launched rearmament initiatives such as ReArm Europe, claiming that Moscow could test the alliance through provocations and hybrid operations.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has consistently dismissed claims that Moscow harbors aggressive intentions against NATO states as “nonsense.” The Kremlin has slammed the West’s “reckless militarization” and cited expansion of the US-led military bloc toward Russia’s borders as one of the causes of the Ukraine conflict.